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Altmo Intelligence
Data Provenance
Provenance, licensing, and methodology for all data used in the ETQOLI scoring framework.
Methodology
The Enhanced Transportation Quality of Life Index (ETQOLI) evaluates 10 major Indian cities across 19 indicators in 4 weighted dimensions. Dimension weights are derived from a Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (Fuzzy-AHP) expert survey of 40 Indian transport planners (Allirani & Verma, 2025).
Each indicator is normalized against benchmark-anchored reference points: a “worst reference” (typically the lowest-performing Indian city or national average) and a “target” (international best practice such as WHO guidelines or Vision Zero standards). Scores range from 0 (at or below worst reference) to 1 (at or above target).
Cities are graded A–E based on their weighted composite score. Missing data points receive a score of 0 (null penalty) to incentivize open data publication.
❤️
43%
Health
Traffic Fatalities
Walking
Cycling
VRU Fatality Share
Footpath Coverage
♿
23%
Accessibility
Rail Transit
Bus Fleet
Transit Stop Density
Cycle Infrastructure
PT Accessibility
🌿
18%
Environmental
PM₂.₅
NO₂
Congestion
Noise
CO₂ Emissions
Fuel Consumption
Green Cover
🚶
16%
Mobility
Sustainable Modes
Road Density
Grade Scale
A
International best practice
(≥ 75)
B
Meets national targets
(≥ 60)
C
Indian average
(≥ 45)
D
Below average
(≥ 30)
E
Crisis level
(≥ 0)
Indicator Sources
Data provenance for each of the 19 ETQOLI indicators.
| Indicator | Source |
|---|---|
| Traffic Fatalities | NCRB ‘Accidental Deaths & Suicides in India’ (2022) |
| VRU Fatality Share | NCRB ADSI state/city tables (2022) |
| Walking Mode Share | Census 2011 + city CMP/CTTS reports |
| Cycling Mode Share | Census 2011 + city CMP/CTTS reports |
| Footpath Coverage | City CMP / Smart City CDP / DULT audit reports |
| Rail Transit Length | Metro rail corporation annual reports + Indian Railways |
| Bus Fleet per Lakh | State transport corporation annual reports (BMTC, DTC, BEST, etc.) |
| Transit Stop Density | TransitRouter + metro station data + OSM |
| Cycle Infrastructure | OpenStreetMap (cycleway=* tags) |
| PT Accessibility | Derived from transit stop density + catchment analysis |
| PM₂.₅ Annual Average | WAQI API / CPCB monitoring stations |
| NO₂ Annual Average | WAQI API / CPCB monitoring stations |
| Congestion Level | TomTom Traffic Index (2023) |
| Noise Pollution | CPCB National Ambient Noise Monitoring Network (NANMN) |
| CO₂ Emissions | UrbanEmissions APnA city profiles |
| Fuel Consumption | PPAC district-level fuel sales data |
| Green Cover | ISFR / HUGSI / CSCAF assessments |
| Sustainable Mode Share | Derived from Census + CMP mode share data |
| Road Density | Municipal corporation road network data |
Data Readiness Matrix
Per-city data layer availability. Missing data is penalized in scoring.
| Layer | Ahmedabad | Bengaluru | Chennai | National | Hyderabad | Indore | Kochi | Kolkata | Mumbai | Pune |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Altmo Traces | ||||||||||
| Bus Stops & Routes | ||||||||||
| Metro Stations | ||||||||||
| Suburban Rail | ||||||||||
| Walking Infrastructure | ||||||||||
| Cycling Infrastructure | ||||||||||
| Metro Frequency | ||||||||||
| Bus Frequency | ||||||||||
| Metro Ridership | ||||||||||
| Safety / Accident Data | ||||||||||
| Air Quality |
Available
Partial
Unavailable
Data Confidence Rating
Weighted composite of 6 factors measuring data quality and freshness. Thresholds: Gold ≥ 70, Silver ≥ 45, Bronze < 45.
Confidence Factors
Live Data Freshness
25%
Live-overridden indicators / total available
Transit Data Quality
20%
Bus, metro, rail data completeness checklist
Data Readiness
20%
Weighted data layer availability score
Indicator Coverage
15%
Available indicators / 19 total
Sensor Coverage
10%
PM2.5 + NO2 live air quality sensors
Altmo Traces
10%
Walking & cycling activity data
| City | Tier | Score |
|---|---|---|
| Bengaluru | Gold | 73.4 |
| Hyderabad | Silver | 65.8 |
| Chennai | Silver | 65.4 |
| National | Silver | 62.4 |
| Mumbai | Silver | 61.0 |
| Ahmedabad | Silver | 61.0 |
| Kochi | Silver | 58.8 |
| Kolkata | Silver | 58.2 |
| Pune | Silver | 56.4 |
| Indore | Bronze | 36.4 |
Gold
≥ 70
Silver
≥ 45
Bronze
< 45
Transit Map Data
Sources for the transit infrastructure layers displayed on city maps.
Bus Stops
Metro Stations & Lines
Suburban Rail
Company Markers
References
64 sources across 12 categories.
Academic & Research (8)
-
1.
Allirani, H. & Verma, A. (2025). “A novel transportation Quality of Life Index framework for evaluating sustainable transport interventions.” Journal of Transport Geography.
Framework design, Fuzzy-AHP dimension weights, scenario strategies -
2.
Vajjarapu, H. et al. (2023). “Travel Demand Model for Bengaluru.” ASCE Journal of Urban Planning and Development.
Bengaluru VKT, emissions, scenario validation -
3.
Guttikunda, S. & Kopakka, R. (2013). “Source apportionment of air pollution in Hyderabad.” UrbanEmissions.info.
CPCB-funded receptor model study; vehicular 31%, dust 26% -
4.
TERI (2018). “Source Apportionment of PM2.5 & PM10 in Delhi NCR.” The Energy and Resources Institute.
Hybrid emission inventory + CTM study; transport 13–39% -
5.
TERI (2024). “Prioritisation of Actions in Pune & Nashik.” The Energy and Resources Institute.
NCAP actions prioritisation, source apportionment validation -
6.
ARAI (2022). “Pune District Emission Inventory.” Automotive Research Association of India.
Transport exhaust 20%, road dust 19%, industry 19% -
7.
SAFAR/IITM (2021). “Pune Emission Inventory.” Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology.
Ministry of Earth Sciences source apportionment -
8.
RMI (2024). “Transforming Delhi’s Power Grid.” Rocky Mountain Institute.
Delhi grid energy mix; 25–33% renewable, imports ~90% of power
National Government Sources (8)
-
9.
NCRB (2022). “Accidental Deaths & Suicides in India.” National Crime Records Bureau.
City-wise traffic accident fatalities, VRU fatality shares -
10.
MoRTH (2022). “Road Accidents in India.” Ministry of Road Transport and Highways.
National traffic fatality benchmarks and state-level data -
11.
Census of India (2011). Registrar General of India.
Decennial mode share data (walk, cycle, PT, private vehicle) -
12.
CPCB (2023). “National Ambient Air Quality Status.” Central Pollution Control Board.
Annual PM2.5 and NO2 monitoring data from continuous stations -
13.
CPCB (2024). “National Ambient Noise Monitoring Network (NANMN).”
24×7 ambient noise at 10 stations/city across 7 major cities -
14.
CEA (2025). “CO2 Baseline Database v21.0.” Central Electricity Authority.
Grid emission factors; national weighted average 0.710 tCO2/MWh (FY 2024–25) -
15.
PPAC (2023). “District-level Fuel Sales.” Petroleum Planning and Analysis Cell, MoPNG.
Transport fuel consumption (100% petrol + 60% diesel share) -
16.
FSI (2023). “India State of Forest Report.” Forest Survey of India.
Urban green cover for 7 mega cities
Air Quality Data (5)
-
17.
WAQI (Live). “World Air Quality Index.”
Real-time AQI sub-indices; reverse-converted to µg/m³ via EPA breakpoints -
18.
OpenAQ (Live). “Open Air Quality Data.”
CC BY 4.0; real-time PM2.5 and NO2 from CPCB government stations -
19.
WHO (2021). “WHO Global Air Quality Guidelines.”
Benchmark targets: PM2.5 5 µg/m³, NO2 10 µg/m³ annual -
20.
India NAAQS (2009). “National Ambient Air Quality Standards.” CPCB.
Annual PM2.5: 40 µg/m³, NO2: 40 µg/m³ -
21.
UrbanEmissions.info. “APnA City Program.” Guttikunda et al.
City-level PM2.5 source apportionment, transport CO2 estimates
Traffic & Congestion (3)
- 22.
- 23.
-
24.
WHO (2018). “Environmental Noise Guidelines for the European Region.”
Noise pollution target benchmark (55 dB Leq)
Energy & Emissions (2)
-
25.
BEE. “Vehicle Emission Rates.” Bureau of Energy Efficiency, India.
Car: 0.142 kg CO2/km, two-wheeler: 0.045, auto: 0.060, bus/metro: 0.025 per pax-km -
26.
Ember (2024–25). “India Electricity Data Explorer.”
State-level grid energy mix (renewable vs coal share)
Transit Infrastructure Data (6)
- 27.
- 28.
- 29.
- 30.
-
31.
Delhi/Hyderabad Metro Lines. kavyajeetbora/metro_accessibility.
Metro line geometries for accessibility analysis -
32.
BMRCL Hourly Ridership. Vonter/bmrcl-ridership-hourly.
Station-wise hourly ridership data; CC BY 4.0
City Transport Plans & CMPs (8)
-
33.
DULT (2020). “Bengaluru Comprehensive Mobility Plan.” Directorate of Urban Land Transport, Karnataka.
Mode share, footpath coverage audit (37%) - 34.
- 35.
-
36.
CMDA (2008). “Chennai Comprehensive Traffic & Transportation Study.”
Chennai mode share and footpath coverage (45%) -
37.
RITES/DIMTS (2019). “Delhi Transport Demand Forecast.”
Travel demand, mode share, footpath coverage (25%) -
38.
CMP/ICLEI (2018). “Indore Mode Share Study.”
Indore mode share and footpath coverage (20%) - 39.
- 40.
Transit Operators (Bus Fleet) (10)
- 41.
- 42.
- 43.
- 44.
- 45.
- 46.
- 47.
-
48.
WBTC. West Bengal Transport Corporation, Kolkata.
~1,337 buses + private (22 per lakh; pop ~60 lakh KMC) - 49.
- 50.
Metro & Rail Systems (8)
- 51.
- 52.
-
53.
DMRC. Delhi Metro Rail Corporation.
393 km operational (largest in India) - 54.
-
55.
Southern Railway Suburban + MRTS, Chennai.
~510 km broad gauge + 19.3 km MRTS, 148 stations, ~1.2M daily - 56.
-
57.
MMTS. Multi-Modal Transport System, Hyderabad.
90 km suburban rail, 36 stations -
58.
Pune Suburban Railway (Pune–Lonavala).
~64 km corridor, 17 stations
Open Transit Data (GTFS) (3)
- 59.
- 60.
- 61.
Activity & Mobility Data (2)
-
62.
Altmo Core Platform. GPS activity traces via Strava OAuth.
2.1M+ activity traces, company geo-fences, leaderboards - 63.
Safety Reports (1)
-
64.
Bloomberg BIGRS (2022). “Mumbai Road Safety Report.”
365 fatalities (2.8 per lakh) — lowest rate; pedestrians 44%